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What is an enlarged prostate?

An enlarged prostate, or BPH, is a non-cancerous growth of the prostate gland. As men age, the prostate can increase in size, potentially leading to urinary symptoms. The condition is prevalent among older men, with the Singapore Urological Association noting that BPH is one of the most common urological conditions.

What are the symptoms of an enlarged prostate?

Common symptoms include:

• Frequent urination, especially at night (nocturia).
• Difficulty starting urination.
• Weak or interrupted urine stream.
• Urgency to urinate.
• Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying. These symptoms can vary in severity and may affect the quality of life.

How is an enlarged prostate diagnosed?

Diagnosis involves:

• Digital Rectal Exam (DRE): To check the size of the prostate.
• Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: Measures the level of PSA in the blood, which can be elevated in BPH.
• Urinalysis: Checks for infection or other conditions that could be causing symptoms.
• Ultrasound: Provides an image of the prostate and bladder.
• Urodynamic Tests: Measure bladder pressure and urine flow.
• Cystoscopy: A scope is inserted into the urethra to examine the bladder and prostate.

Is there a link between enlarged prostate and prostate cancer?

No, an enlarged prostate (BPH) does not lead to prostate cancer. While both conditions affect the prostate and share similar symptoms, BPH is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate, whereas prostate cancer involves the growth of malignant cells. Regular screening and monitoring are essential to differentiate between the two conditions.

What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?

Early-stage prostate cancer often has no symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they may include frequent urination, difficulty starting or stopping urination, weak or interrupted urine flow, painful or burning urination, difficulty having an erection, and blood in urine or semen.

How is prostate cancer detected if there are no symptoms?

Prostate cancer can be detected through screening tests such as the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test and digital rectal exam (DRE). These tests can help identify prostate cancer before symptoms develop.

What are the treatment options for prostate cancer?

Treatment options for prostate cancer depend on the stage and grade of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. Common treatments include active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.