Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on or inside the ovaries. While most ovarian cyst are benign and resolve on their own, some may cause complications that require medical attention. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatment options available in Singapore can help you manage your reproductive health effectively.
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What Are Ovarian Cysts?
Ovarian cysts are common among women of reproductive age. They are typically classified into two main types:
- Functional Cysts – These develop as part of the menstrual cycle and usually disappear without medical intervention.
- Other Ovarian Cysts – These are less common and may result from abnormal cell growth. Some ovarian cysts, such as dermoid cysts or endometriotic cysts, may require treatment.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts
Many ovarian cysts do not cause symptoms and may only be detected during routine gynaecological check-ups. However, some women may experience the following symptoms:
- Pelvic pain, which may be sharp or dull.
- Bloating or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen.
- Irregular menstrual cycles.
- Pain during sexual intercourse.
- Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder.
- Unexplained weight gain.
In some cases, an ovarian cyst may rupture, leading to severe pain and internal bleeding, which requires immediate medical attention.
Causes and Risk Factors
Several factors can contribute to the development of ovarian cysts, including:
- Hormonal imbalances.
- Endometriosis.
- Pregnancy.
- Pelvic infections.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Women with a history of ovarian cysts or those undergoing fertility treatments may also have a higher risk of developing new cysts.
Diagnosis and Treatment in Singapore
If a woman experiences symptoms suggestive of an ovarian cyst, a gynaecologist may recommend diagnostic tests such as:
- Ultrasound Scan – This imaging test helps determine the size, shape, and composition of the cyst.
- Blood Tests – Tests such as the CA-125 marker may be used to rule out ovarian cancer in postmenopausal women.
- Laparoscopy – A minimally invasive surgical procedure that allows direct visualisation and removal of cysts if necessary.
Treatment Options
The treatment of ovarian cysts depends on their type, size, and associated symptoms. Common treatment options available in Singapore include:
- Watchful Waiting – Small, asymptomatic cysts may be monitored over time to check for changes.
- Medications – Hormonal birth control pills may be prescribed to prevent the formation of new cysts.
- Surgical Removal – If a cyst is large, persistent, or causing severe symptoms, surgical removal may be necessary. Options include:
- Laparoscopic Cystectomy – A minimally invasive procedure for removing cysts while preserving the ovary.
- Laparotomy – A more extensive surgery for larger or potentially cancerous cysts.
When to See a Doctor
Women in Singapore experiencing persistent pelvic pain, bloating, or irregular menstrual cycles should consult a gynaecologist for further evaluation. Early detection and management of ovarian cysts can prevent complications and improve overall reproductive health.
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This article is informative only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and should never be relied upon for specific medical advice.