Lower abdominal pain in women can be a concerning symptom, ranging from mild discomfort to severe pain that disrupts daily life. While occasional discomfort may not always be a cause for alarm, persistent or intense pain could indicate an underlying medical condition that requires attention. Understanding the possible causes, symptoms, and when to seek medical help can help you manage your health effectively.
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Common Causes Of Lower Abdominal Pain In Women
1. Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhoea)
Many women experience menstrual cramps, which occur when the uterus contracts to shed its lining. These cramps can range from mild to severe and are usually felt in the lower abdomen, back, or thighs.
2. Ovulation Pain (Mittelschmerz)
Some women experience sharp or dull pain on one side of the lower abdomen during ovulation. This occurs when the ovary releases an egg and is usually harmless, lasting a few hours to a couple of days.
3. Endometriosis
A condition where tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, leading to chronic pain, heavy periods, and potential fertility issues.
4. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
An infection of the female reproductive organs, often caused by sexually transmitted bacteria. Symptoms include lower abdominal pain, fever, unusual vaginal discharge, and pain during intercourse.
5. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Infections affecting the bladder, urethra, or kidneys can cause lower abdominal pain, along with symptoms such as a burning sensation while urinating and frequent urges to urinate.
6. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
A digestive disorder that leads to abdominal pain, bloating, and irregular bowel movements. Triggers can include stress, diet, and hormonal fluctuations.
7. Ovarian Cysts
Fluid-filled sacs on the ovaries that often do not cause symptoms but may lead to lower abdominal pain, bloating, or irregular periods when they grow large or rupture.
8. Ectopic Pregnancy
A serious condition where a fertilised egg implants outside the uterus, often in the fallopian tube. This can cause sharp lower abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and dizziness. If untreated, this can lead to haemorrhage and even death. It is critical to seek prompt medical attention.
9. Appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix can start as mild pain near the navel and progress to severe pain in the lower right abdomen. Immediate medical attention is necessary.
10. Fibroids
Non-cancerous growths in the uterus that may cause pelvic pain, heavy periods, and pressure on the bladder or intestines.
Diagnosis Of Lower Abdominal Pain In Women
To determine the cause of lower abdominal pain, healthcare providers may perform the following diagnostic procedures:
- Medical History And Physical Examination: A doctor will ask about symptoms, menstrual cycle, sexual health, and any previous medical conditions.
- Pelvic Examination: A physical examination of the reproductive organs to check for abnormalities, infections, or tenderness.
- Ultrasound Scan: A non-invasive imaging test that helps detect ovarian cysts, fibroids, or pregnancy-related issues.
- Blood And Urine Tests: These tests help diagnose infections, inflammation, or hormonal imbalances.
- Laparoscopy: A minimally invasive surgical procedure where a small camera is inserted through an incision to examine the pelvic organs.
- CT Scan Or MRI: Advanced imaging techniques used for detailed examination of internal organs if necessary.
When Should You Seek Medical Help?
While some causes of lower abdominal pain in women are benign, others require urgent medical attention. Seek medical advice if you experience:
- Sudden, severe, or persistent lower abdominal pain.
- Pain accompanied by fever, vomiting, or chills.
- Unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge.
- Pain during urination or bowel movements.
- Pain after a missed period or a positive pregnancy test.
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This article is informative only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and should never be relied upon for specific medical advice.