Endometriosis is a chronic condition that affects millions of women worldwide, often leading to severe pain and fertility issues. Among the various diagnostic tools available, the CA 125 blood test is frequently discussed in relation to endometriosis. But what exactly does this test measure, and how reliable is it in detecting the condition? Here is what you need to know about CA 125 and its role in diagnosing and monitoring endometriosis.
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What is CA 125?
CA 125 (Cancer Antigen 125) is a protein found in the blood. It is commonly associated with ovarian cancer detection, but elevated CA 125 levels can also be linked to other conditions, including normal menstruation and endometriosis. While it is not a definitive diagnostic tool, it can provide useful insights into the presence and severity of the disease.
How is CA 125 Related to Endometriosis?
Women with moderate to severe endometriosis often have elevated CA 125 levels. This is because the condition causes inflammation and irritation in the pelvic region, which can lead to an increase in the protein. However, it is important to note that CA 125 levels may not be significantly raised in women with mild endometriosis, making the test less reliable as a standalone diagnostic method.
How is the CA 125 Test Performed?
The CA 125 test is a simple blood test that requires a sample drawn from a vein. The results typically take a few days to process. A CA 125 level above the normal range (usually over 35 U/mL) may indicate endometriosis, ovarian cancer, or other conditions such as pelvic inflammatory disease or fibroids.
Limitations of the CA 125 Test for Endometriosis
While the CA 125 test can be helpful, it has several limitations when used for diagnosing endometriosis:
- Not Specific to Endometriosis: Elevated CA 125 levels can be caused by various conditions, making it an unreliable standalone test.
- Not Always Elevated: Women with mild endometriosis may have normal CA 125 levels, leading to false-negative results.
- More Effective for Monitoring: The test is often used to monitor disease progression or response to treatment rather than for initial diagnosis.
When Should You Get Tested?
Doctors may recommend a CA 125 test if you experience symptoms such as:
- Chronic pelvic pain.
- Painful menstruation (dysmenorrhoea).
- Pain during intercourse.
- Infertility concerns.
- Unexplained bloating or discomfort.
If you suspect you have endometriosis, it is essential to consult a gynaecologist who may use a combination of methods, including pelvic ultrasound and laparoscopy, to confirm the diagnosis.
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This article is informative only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and should never be relied upon for specific medical advice.