Coronary Artery Disease Treatment Options

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death worldwide and in Singapore. It occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to a buildup of plaque. Fortunately, there are effective Coronary Artery Disease treatment options available, ranging from lifestyle changes to advanced surgical procedures. This article explores the various treatments, when they are used, and their associated costs in private healthcare in Singapore.

Coronary Artery Disease Treatment – What Are The Options?

1. Lifestyle Changes and Medications

For many patients, the first line of Coronary Artery Disease treatment involves lifestyle modifications and medications. These are typically recommended for individuals with mild to moderate CAD or as a preventive measure for those at risk.

• Lifestyle Changes: Adopting a heart-healthy diet, engaging in regular exercise, quitting smoking, and managing stress can significantly improve heart health. These changes help reduce cholesterol levels, lower blood pressure, and prevent further plaque buildup.
• Medications: Commonly prescribed medications include statins (to lower cholesterol), beta-blockers (to reduce heart rate and blood pressure), and aspirin (to prevent blood clots). Other drugs, such as nitrates, may be used to relieve chest pain (angina).

When are These Treatments Used: These treatments are often the first step for newly diagnosed patients or those with early-stage CAD.

Cost in Singapore: Medications may range from S$50 to S$300 per month, depending on the type and dosage. Lifestyle changes, while cost-effective, may require additional expenses for dietitians or fitness programs.

2. Angioplasty And Stenting

When medications and lifestyle changes are insufficient, more invasive procedures like angioplasty and stenting may be recommended. This Coronary Artery Disease treatment is ideal for patients with significant blockages.

• Procedure: During angioplasty, a thin tube (catheter) with a balloon at its tip is inserted into the blocked artery. The balloon is inflated to widen the artery, and a stent (a small mesh tube) is often placed to keep the artery open.
• Benefits: This minimally invasive procedure improves blood flow to the heart and relieves symptoms like chest pain.

When Is This Treatment Used: Angioplasty is typically performed when blockages are severe but not extensive enough to require bypass surgery.

Cost in Singapore: In private healthcare, angioplasty with stenting can cost between S$15,000 and S$30,000, depending on the complexity of the procedure and the type of stent used.

3. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)

For patients with multiple or severe blockages, Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is often the most effective Coronary Artery Disease treatment. This surgical procedure involves creating new pathways for blood to flow around the blocked arteries.

• Procedure: A surgeon uses blood vessels from another part of the body (usually the leg, arm, or chest) to bypass the blocked arteries. This restores normal blood flow to the heart.
• Benefits: CABG is highly effective for severe CAD and can significantly improve quality of life and longevity.

When Is This Treatment Used: CABG is recommended for patients with multiple blockages, left main coronary artery disease, or those who have not responded to other treatments.

Cost in Singapore: In private hospitals, CABG may cost between S$30,000 and S$50,000, depending on the number of bypasses required and the patient’s overall health.

4. Advanced And Emerging Treatments

In recent years, advancements in medical technology have introduced new Coronary Artery Disease treatment options, such as:

• Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP): A non-invasive therapy that improves blood flow to the heart by using cuffs on the legs to stimulate circulation.
• Laser Revascularization: A procedure that uses laser energy to create small channels in the heart muscle, promoting new blood vessel growth.

When Is This Treatment Used: These treatments are often considered for patients who are not candidates for traditional surgeries or who have persistent symptoms despite other treatments.

Cost in Singapore: EECP may cost around S$5,000 to S$10,000 for a full course, while laser revascularisation may cost upwards of S$20,000.

Choosing the Right Treatment

The choice of Coronary Artery Disease treatment depends on the severity of the condition, the patient’s overall health, and their preferences. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for better outcomes. In Singapore, private healthcare offers access to state-of-the-art treatments, but costs can be significant. Patients are advised to consult with a cardiologist to determine the most appropriate and cost-effective treatment plan.

Learn More: How To Choose The Best Cardiologist >>

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