Lung cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide, including in Singapore. It occurs when abnormal cells in the lungs grow uncontrollably, forming tumours that can spread to other parts of the body. While lung cancer is often associated with smoking, non-smokers can also develop the disease due to various environmental and genetic factors. In Singapore, lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Early detection and timely treatment are crucial in improving survival rates and quality of life. This guide provides an in-depth look at lung cancer in Singapore, including statistics, causes, symptoms, screening methods, treatment options, and costs.
Lung Cancer Singapore Statistics
Lung cancer is a major health concern in Singapore. According to the Singapore Cancer Registry, it ranks among the top three most common cancers for men and women. Here are some key statistics for 2018-2022:
- 5 cases of lung cancer are diagnosed in Singapore every day.
- Lung cancer is the 3rd most commonly diagnosed cancer for males and females. Men have a 1 in 30 chance of getting lung cancer, while women have a 1 in 53 chance.
- It is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in males and 3rd most common cause of cancer deaths in women.
- 2 men die from lung cancer everyday in Singapore, while 1 woman die every day from it.
- 61.5% of lung cancers in men were diagnosed only at Stage IV. It is similarly diagnosed late in women, with 60.9% discovered only at Stage IV.
Due to its high mortality rate, early screening and prevention are crucial to improving outcomes.
Causes Of Lung Cancer & Risk Factors
Lung cancer has several causes, with smoking being the most well-known risk factor. However, many Singaporeans diagnosed with lung cancer are non-smokers. The major risk factors include:
1. Smoking
- Cigarette smoking is responsible for up to 85% of lung cancer cases, according to the WHO.
- Smokers are 15 to 30 times more likely to develop lung cancer than non-smokers.
- Second-hand smoke exposure also increases risk.
2. Air Pollution
- Singapore’s urban environment exposes residents to pollutants, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which can damage lung tissue over time.
- Indoor pollutants from cooking fumes and incense burning also contribute to risk.
3. Genetic Factors
- Some individuals inherit genetic mutations that make them more susceptible to lung cancer.
- Family history of lung cancer can increase the risk.
4. Radon Gas Exposure
- Though less common in Singapore, radon gas is a radioactive substance that can accumulate in poorly ventilated spaces and increase lung cancer risk.
5. Occupational Exposure
- Long-term exposure to asbestos, arsenic, and other industrial chemicals increases the likelihood of lung cancer.
- Certain professions, such as construction and shipbuilding, may have a higher risk.
Symptoms Of Lung Cancer
Lung cancer symptoms often appear in later stages, making early detection challenging. Common symptoms include:
- Persistent cough that doesn’t go away
- Coughing up blood or mucus
- Shortness of breath or wheezing
- Chest pain that worsens with deep breathing
- Unexplained weight loss and fatigue
- Hoarseness or voice changes
- Frequent lung infections (e.g., pneumonia, bronchitis)
If you experience these symptoms, consult a lung specialist immediately.
Lung Cancer Screening & Prevention
Screening Methods
Early screening can significantly improve survival rates by detecting lung cancer before symptoms develop. In Singapore, common lung cancer screening methods include:
- Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) – The most effective screening method for high-risk individuals, such as smokers over 50.
- Chest X-rays – Often used for general lung health assessments but less effective for detecting early-stage lung cancer.
- Sputum Cytology Tests – Examining mucus from the lungs for cancerous cells.
Prevention Strategies
- Quit Smoking – The best way to lower your risk. Singapore offers smoking cessation programmes and support groups.
- Reduce Air Pollution Exposure – Use air purifiers at home and avoid high-pollution areas when possible.
- Healthy Diet & Exercise – Eating antioxidant-rich foods and staying active can boost lung health.
- Regular Health Check-Ups – Early detection through medical screenings can save lives.
Lung Cancer Treatments
Treatment for lung cancer in Singapore depends on the cancer type, stage, and overall health of the patient. Options include:
1. Surgery
- Recommended for early-stage lung cancer when the tumour is confined to the lung.
- Lobectomy (removing a lung lobe) or pneumonectomy (removing an entire lung) may be required.
2. Chemotherapy
- Used to shrink tumours before surgery or to destroy remaining cancer cells post-surgery.
- Often combined with radiation therapy.
3. Radiation Therapy
- High-energy X-rays are used to kill cancer cells.
- Suitable for patients who cannot undergo surgery.
4. Targeted Therapy
- A newer treatment for patients with specific genetic mutations.
- More effective for non-smoking lung cancer patients.
5. Immunotherapy
- Boosts the body’s immune system to fight cancer cells.
- Used in advanced lung cancer cases.
Costs Of Lung Cancer Treatment In Singapore
One of the ways to treat cancer is surgery, and how the surgery is carried out (e.g. invasive or minimally invasive surgery) will affect the cost.
Cancer Surgery Costs
MOH’s listing of the average cost of surgeries for lung cancer in Singapore are:
| Type of Cancer | Type of Hospital | Average Cost (Updated: data accessed in Jul 24) |
| Lung (E71A) | Private | $26,171 (Inpatient) |
| Public (Unsubsidised) | $8,111 (Ward A) | |
| Public (Subsidised) | $2,773 (Ward C) |
Chemotherapy Costs
Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells, control the spread of cancer, or to shrink tumours. Patients may sometimes require a combination of different chemotherapies to treat the cancer.
Chemotherapy costs in Singapore depend on the type and of drugs used, and the number of times they have to be administered.
Data from MOH (accessed in Sep 2024) provided these average chemotherapy costs in Singapore (Code: R63Z):
| Type of Hospital(Inpatient) | Average Cost (data accessed in Sep 24) |
| Private | $3,152(data accessed in May 22) |
| Public (Ward A, Unsubsidised) | $1,711 |
| Public (Ward C, Subsidised) | $544 |
Cost of Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy is a cancer treatment method that kills cancer cells using high doses of radiation to damage the DNA of the cancer cells.
The cost of radiotherapy can range from $25,000 to $30,000.
Other Cancer Treatments
In addition to surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy to treat cancer, there are times that other treatments are needed or are more appropriate, such as immunotherapy, laser therapy, hormonal therapy, and more. Discuss with your healthcare provider the additional or alternative treatments that may be suitable, and they can advise on the treatment costs as well.
Survival Rate Of Lung Cancer In Singapore
Lung cancer has low survival rate in men, compared to other cancers. The 5-year survival rate for men is just 21.9%. Lung cancer 5-year survival rate for women is also poor at 37.8%.
Contact Us For An Appointment
If you or a loved one is experiencing lung cancer symptoms or have risk factors, contact us via the button below to schedule an appointment with a lung specialist in Singapore. The existing rate of over 60% of diagnosis only in Stage IV is telling – people should take proactive steps to get screened before symptoms show.
FAQs
1. Who Is At Risk Of Lung Cancer In Singapore?
Smokers, individuals exposed to pollution, and those with a family history of lung cancer have a higher risk.
2. Can Non-Smokers Get Lung Cancer?
Yes. In Singapore, a significant number of lung cancer patients are non-smokers, especially women.
3. Is Lung Cancer Curable?
Early-stage lung cancer has a high chance of cure through surgery and treatment, but advanced stages are harder to treat.
4. What Is The Best Hospital For Lung Cancer Treatment In Singapore?
Singapore General Hospital (SGH), National University Hospital (NUH), and private hospitals like Mount Elizabeth offer excellent lung cancer treatment.
5. How Often Should I Go For Lung Cancer Screening?
High-risk individuals should undergo LDCT scans annually, as recommended by their doctor.
Lung cancer is a serious condition, but with early detection, the right treatment, and lifestyle changes, patients in Singapore can improve their quality of life. If you need expert consultation, reach out today.
Related Content
Protect against cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic diseases with regular health screening. Compare and shop for health screenings from Singapore and regional healthcare providers at a single convenient platform - shop.health365.sg
This article is informative only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and should never be relied upon for specific medical advice.