Osteoporosis In Singapore – Osteoporosis is a medical condition characterized by the weakening of bones, making them fragile and more prone to fractures. This condition often progresses silently, without symptoms, until a fracture occurs. It predominantly affects older adults, especially postmenopausal women, due to hormonal changes that accelerate bone loss.
Osteoporosis Singapore Statistics
Osteoporosis is becoming increasingly common in Singapore, particularly with the aging population. According to Health Hub, about a third of older adults aged 60 and above in Singapore have fallen more than once. Falls for the elderly person may result in hip fractures. Women in fact, have a 18% risk of getting a hip fracture in their lifetime. This risk is lower at about 6% for men. The risk of fractures is higher in people with osteoporosis. Studies show that the number of deaths increases in the year that follows a fracture.
Causes Of Osteoporosis & Risk Factors
Osteoporosis occurs when the creation of new bone does not keep up with the loss of old bone. Several factors contribute to this imbalance, including:
- Age: The risk increases with age, especially after 50.
- Gender: Women are more susceptible due to hormonal changes during menopause.
- Inadequate Calcium and Vitamin D Intake: Essential nutrients for bone health.
- Low Body Weight: Less body mass means less bone mass.
- Lack of Physical Activity: Weight-bearing exercises help maintain bone density.
- Smoking and Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Harmful habits that weaken bones.
- Family History: Genetic predisposition to osteoporosis.
- Medical Conditions: Diseases like diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis can affect bone density.
Symptoms Of Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is often called a “silent disease” because it progresses without symptoms until a fracture occurs. Common symptoms include:
- Back Pain: Caused by fractures or collapsed vertebrae.
- Loss of Height: Gradual reduction in height over time.
- Stooped Posture: Resulting from weakened bones in the spine.
- Fractures: Bones breaking more easily than expected.
Screening & Prevention
Early detection and prevention are crucial in managing osteoporosis. Screening typically involves a Bone Mineral Density (BMD) test, measured using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA).
n addition to the BMD test, several laboratory tests are available for osteoporosis screening. These include:
- Full Blood Count: Assesses overall health and detects various disorders.
- Calcium Panel: Measures calcium levels, crucial for bone health.
- Vitamin D: Evaluates vitamin D levels, essential for calcium absorption and bone strength.
- Liver and Kidney Function Profiles: Checks the health of the liver and kidneys, which can affect bone health.
- Testosterone Levels (Men Only): Determines testosterone levels, as low levels can increase the risk of osteoporosis in men.
Prevention strategies include:
- Adequate Calcium and Vitamin D Intake: Essential for bone health.
- Regular Weight-Bearing Exercises: Activities like walking, jogging, and tai chi.
- Healthy Lifestyle Choices: Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
- Medication: In some cases, medications can help prevent bone loss.
Osteoporosis Treatments
While osteoporosis cannot be cured, treatments can help manage the condition and reduce the risk of fractures. Treatment options include:
- Medications: Bisphosphonates, hormone-related therapy, and others to slow bone loss and stimulate bone formation.
- Lifestyle Changes: Ensuring adequate nutrition, engaging in regular exercise, and avoiding harmful habits.
- Fall Prevention: Measures to reduce the risk of falls, such as home safety modifications.
Costs
The cost of osteoporosis screening and treatment can vary. Screening with a DEXA scan typically costs around S$150 to S$200. More comprehensive screens that include a consultation with a specialist and inclusive of blood tests may cost around S$400. Treatment costs depend on the medications and therapies used, with some medications costing several hundred dollars per month.
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FAQs
Is osteoporosis treatment worth it?
People who have osteoporosis should consider treatment. Managing osteoporosis can reduce the risk of fractures substantially, improve the quality of life of the patient, and even help prevent complications resulting from bone loss.
Can osteoporosis be reversed?
Osteoporosis cannot be reversed. However, treatment can slow its progression and even improve bone density.
Does taking a vitamin K supplement help with osteoporosis?
According to the US Bone Health & Osteoporosis Foundation, while vitamin K may promote bone health, research does not support the practice of taking vitamin K supplements to prevent osteoporosis. This may be due to supplement not having the same effects as whole foods. Furthermore, vitamin K promotes blood clotting, and too much of it may cause problems for people who are at risk of blood clots. Until the science is clearer, it is recommended to get vitamin K from food sources instead.
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This article is informative only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and should never be relied upon for specific medical advice.