Lung cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage when symptoms become noticeable. At this point, treatment options are limited, and the prognosis is generally poor. Early lung cancer diagnosis allows patients to have a higher chance of survival in comparison to cases whereby the cancer is discovered when it has progressed to a later stage. People with an increased risk of lung cancer may consider annual lung cancer screening using low-dose CT scans. Medical experts recommend lung cancer screening for older adults between 55 to 74 years old with a smoking history of a pack of cigarettes per day for 30 years or more (regardless whether they are current smokers or have quit). If screening results indicate any abnormality, the doctor may order further tests to be conducted to confirm the disease.
What Are The Tests For Lung Cancer Screening In Singapore?
Types of Lung Cancer Screening Tests
Several tests are available for lung cancer screening in Singapore. These tests help detect abnormalities in the lungs and determine whether further diagnostic procedures are necessary.
- Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) Scan: This is the most commonly used screening test for lung cancer. It involves a low-dose X-ray that creates detailed images of the lungs. LDCT scans are highly effective in detecting early-stage lung cancer and are recommended for high-risk individuals.
- Chest X-Ray: While not as detailed as LDCT scans, chest X-rays can still be useful for detecting lung abnormalities. This test is often used as a preliminary screening method and may be followed by more advanced tests if abnormalities are found.
- Sputum Cytology Test: This test involves examining a sample of mucus (sputum) coughed up from the lungs under a microscope to check for cancer cells. It is particularly useful for detecting certain types of lung cancer.
Diagnostic Tests for Confirming Lung Cancer
If lung cancer screening tests reveal abnormalities, additional diagnostic tests may be required to confirm the diagnosis. Some of the commonly used diagnostic tests in Singapore include:
- Biopsy: A biopsy involves removing a small sample of lung tissue for examination under a microscope. There are different types of biopsies, including needle biopsy, bronchoscopy, and surgical biopsy. The choice of biopsy method depends on the location and size of the abnormality.
- Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: A PET scan is an advanced imaging test that helps detect cancerous cells in the body. It involves injecting a small amount of radioactive sugar into the bloodstream, which cancer cells absorb. A special camera then creates detailed images of the cancerous areas.
- CT Scan: A CT scan uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body. It helps detect the size, shape, and location of lung tumors and is often used in conjunction with other diagnostic tests.
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This article is informative only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and should never be relied upon for specific medical advice.