A “silent killer”, chronic kidney disease affects 14% of people in Singapore. Importantly, it is estimated that 7 out of 10 Singaporeans are unaware that they have the disease. This article discusses the symptoms that may show as the disease progresses, and also about screening for chronic kidney disease in Singapore.
Symptoms Of Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease often does not present symptoms until the advanced stages. However, when symptoms do present, they may include:
- Foamy urine.
- Puffiness around the eyes, or swollen feet and ankles
- More frequent urination, especially at night
- Fatigue
- Concentration difficulty.
- Poor appetite or nausea.
- Sleeping difficulties and nighttime muscle cramps.
- Dry or itchy skin.
Screening For Chronic Kidney Disease In Singapore
Checking for chronic kidney disease in Singapore can easily be done as part of an overall annual health screening, or can be done by itself. There are two tests needed to determine kidney health:
- A blood test to determine the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
- A urine test to determine the urine albumin-creatinine ratio (uACR).
An eGFR of under 60 ml/min/1.73m2 and/or a uACR of over 30 mg/g, for a period of three months or more, is a sign of chronic kidney disease.
What Is Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR)?
The eGFR estimates of the kidneys’ ability to remove waste products from the blood, and is used to determine the stage of chronic kidney disease. It is computed using the patient’s serum creatinine level, age, and sex. Alternatively, it may be calculated using cystatin C level. The “normal” range of eGFR is decreasing as the patient’s age increases. A higher eGFR is better.
What Is Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio (uACR)?
uACR is a measurement of the amount of albumin (protein) and creatinine in the urine. Well-functioning kidneys keep the albumin in the blood while filtering creatinine into the urine. Normally, there should be very little or no urine albumin. A lower number for uACR is better. An abnormal uACR number is a significant risk factor for associated health complications.
Further Diagnostic Tests For Chronic Kidney Disease
To get more information about the health of the patient’s kidneys, the doctor may order additional diagnostic tests. Examples include:
- Medical imaging (CT scans, MRIs or ultrasounds).
- Kidney biopsy
Cost Of Kidney Disease Screening In Singapore
Renal profile screening packages in Singapore typically cost under S$100, excluding the doctor’s consultation fees. The more costly packages will include a more comprehensive suite of tests. In addition, a kidney ultrasound will cost about S$150-S$200.
Kidney Specialist For Chronic Kidney Disease Screening And Management In Singapore
Regular screening can help to detect chronic kidney disease before it becomes more advanced, making it easier to manage the disease. Especially for people with risk factors, you may consider consulting a kidney specialist for expert medical attention. Dr Wong Weng Kin, a renal physician in Singapore at One Future Kidney Care clinic (Mount Elizabeth Hospital), is our Preferred Doctor for renal conditions. Click to learn more about Dr Wong.
Contact us to set up an appointment with Dr Wong Weng Kin.
Learn Why: Chronic Kidney Disease In Singapore Is An Overlooked Danger.
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This article is informative only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment, and should never be relied upon for specific medical advice.
