Top 3 Tests To Screen For Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease is a leading cause of heart problems worldwide and in Singapore. It occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked due to plaque buildup. Early detection through various screening tests is crucial for preventing severe complications such as heart attacks. Here are the top 3 tests to screen for coronary artery disease.

Learn More: Guide To Coronary Artery Disease >>

1. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

An Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is one of the most common and non-invasive tests to screen for coronary artery disease. This test measures the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities in heart rhythm, structure, and function.

• How It Works: Small electrodes are placed on the patient’s chest, arms, and legs, which record the electrical signals of the heart.
• What It Detects: The ECG can identify signs of previous heart attacks, ischemia (reduced blood flow), and other heart-related issues. While it may not directly detect coronary artery blockages, it provides valuable information about the heart’s condition.

2. Stress Test

A Stress Test assesses how the heart performs under physical exertion and is highly effective in screening for coronary artery disease.

• How It Works: The patient is asked to walk on a treadmill or pedal a stationary bike while their heart rate, blood pressure, and ECG are monitored. Sometimes, medications may be used to simulate the effects of exercise.
• What It Detects: During physical activity, the heart requires more oxygen. A stress test can reveal areas of the heart that receive insufficient blood flow, indicating the presence of narrowed or blocked arteries. This test helps identify symptoms of coronary artery disease that might not be present at rest.

3. Coronary Angiography

Coronary Angiography is an advanced diagnostic test that provides a detailed view of the coronary arteries and is considered the gold standard for detecting coronary artery disease.

• How It Works: A contrast dye is injected into the coronary arteries through a catheter inserted into the groin or arm. X-ray images are taken to visualize the arteries.
• What It Detects: This test can accurately detect blockages, narrowings, and other abnormalities in the coronary arteries. It helps determine the severity and extent of coronary artery disease, guiding treatment decisions.
• Alternative: A patient may consider a Coronary CT Angiogram instead of traditional Coronary Angiography. This is a less invasive method that may be used to screen for coronary artery disease, as there is no need for a catheter. However, should an abnormality be found during a Coronary CT Angiography, there may still be a need to have further investigation via traditional Coronary Angiography.

Conclusion

Screening for coronary artery disease is vital for early detection and prevention of serious heart-related complications. The top 3 tests to screen for coronary artery disease include the Electrocardiogram (ECG), Stress Test, and Coronary Angiography. Each test has its unique advantages and provides essential insights into the heart’s health.

If you are at risk of coronary artery disease or experience symptoms such as chest pain, shortness of breath, or fatigue, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional. Early screening and timely intervention can significantly improve outcomes and reduce the risk of heart attacks and other complications. Regular screenings and adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle are key steps in maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing coronary artery disease.

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