Uterine Cancer Screening, Treatment, And Prevention

Uterine cancer is the 4th most common cancer affecting women in Singapore. Early detection through screening, timely treatment, and preventive measures can greatly improve outcomes and quality of life. In this article, we explore the essentials of uterine cancer screening, treatment options, and prevention strategies.

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Understanding Uterine Cancer

Uterine cancer typically develops in the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium. It is the most common gynaecological cancer and primarily affects women in their postmenopausal years. Risk factors include obesity, hormonal imbalances, a history of irregular menstrual cycles, and a family history of uterine or other related cancers.

Importance Of Uterine Cancer Screening

Screening plays a critical role in the early detection of uterine cancer. While there is no standard screening test for asymptomatic women, individuals with risk factors or symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, or unusual discharge should seek medical advice promptly.

Diagnostic Methods For Uterine Cancer:

1. Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVUS): This imaging test helps assess the thickness of the uterine lining and detect abnormalities.
2. Endometrial Biopsy: A small tissue sample from the uterine lining is collected for microscopic examination to confirm or rule out cancer.
3. Hysteroscopy: A procedure that allows doctors to examine the inside of the uterus using a thin, lighted tube.

Women are encouraged to discuss their individual risk factors with a gynaecologist to help determine the most appropriate screening and diagnostic approach.

Treatment Options For Uterine Cancer

If uterine cancer is detected, treatment options depend on the stage of the disease, overall health, and personal preferences. Common treatments include:

1. Surgery: The most common procedure is a hysterectomy, which involves removing the uterus. In some cases, the ovaries and fallopian tubes are also removed. Minimally invasive surgical techniques are also available, reducing recovery time and improving outcomes.
2. Radiation Therapy: High-energy beams are used to destroy cancer cells. This may be employed as a standalone treatment or in combination with surgery.
3. Hormonal Therapy: Hormonal treatments may be recommended for advanced stages or for women who cannot undergo surgery.
4. Chemotherapy: This involves using drugs to kill cancer cells and is often used in more advanced cases.

Preventing Uterine Cancer

While not all cases of uterine cancer can be prevented, certain lifestyle changes and proactive measures can reduce risk:

1. Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity is a significant risk factor for uterine cancer. Adopting a balanced diet and regular exercise can help manage weight effectively.
2. Monitor Hormonal Health: Women undergoing hormone replacement therapy or taking oestrogen without progesterone should consult their doctor to minimise risks.
3. Regular Health Check-ups: Annual gynaecological exams can help detect abnormalities early.
4. Manage Chronic Conditions: Conditions such as diabetes and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) should be managed under medical supervision to reduce associated risks.

Seeking Medical Advice In Singapore

Singapore is home to numerous reputable healthcare institutions and specialists in gynaecological care. Women experiencing symptoms or those with risk factors should not delay seeking professional advice. Early intervention can make a significant difference in treatment outcomes.

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